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- <text id=94HT0002>
- <title>
- Feb. 2, 1970: Cleaning Up the National Mess
- </title>
- <history>Time-The Weekly Magazine-1970s Highlights</history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- Cleaning Up the National Mess:
- How Great the Cost? Who will Pay?
- February 2, 1970
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Pollution is not only unhealthy but expensive. It
- destroys crops, depreciates property, discourages economic
- development, raises municipal bills (and often taxes), and
- creates countless hazards whose cost is impossible to compute.
- Yet all the evidence indicates that letting pollution continue
- would be more expensive than spending the money needed to curb
- it. To save the U.S. from becoming a malodorous wasteland,
- experts agree, will cost nearly $100 billion in the next five
- years. About $30 billion of that will be required merely to
- halt pollution of the nation's waterways. The probable cost
- of cleaning up the air that Americans breathe is an
- astronomical $60 billion over a five-year period.
- </p>
- <p> A major share of this cleanup cost would have to be met
- by the Government. U.S. cities and towns will need $10 billion
- by 1975 just to meet current water quality standards, plus an
- additional $6 billion to build and repair sewer lines under
- city streets. It will take even more for municipalities to go
- further and separate the main and storm sewers that now flow
- together to contribute so heavily to the pollution problem.
- This would push the total cost to $50 billion.
- </p>
- <p> By comparison, industry could stop polluting the water
- for a relatively small cost. A surprisingly low $3 billion is
- all it would cost of plants and factories were required to
- install waste-treatment facilities sufficient to meet existing
- water standards. A total of only $2 billion would pay for
- cooling towers to prevent thermal pollution, and $6 billion
- would bring sediment and acid mine drainage under control. The
- price of eliminating industrially caused air pollution is
- somewhat higher because the job must be done on a regular
- basis. Estimates are that it would cost $600 million a year
- to curb the sulfur dioxide emitted from power plants and
- another $100 million annually to clean up other industrial
- air pollution.
- </p>
- <p> Some steps are already being taken to meet these bills.
- New York State has $130 million worth of municipal waste-
- treatment facilities in operation, another $834 million worth
- under construction. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and
- Delaware have joined with the Federal Government to form the
- Delaware River Basin Commission. They have enlisted the
- cooperation of nearly 100 firms and municipalities, including
- DuPont, Rohm & Haas and Sun Oil, in a $500 million effort to
- clean up an 85-mile stretch of the Delaware estuary between
- the ocean and Trenton, N.J.
- </p>
- <p> Business has begun to invest in environmental
- preservation, and some firms have found profits in combatting
- pollution. Zurn Industries, the chief consultant for the
- Delaware River project, sold nearly $73 million worth of
- pollution control equipment last year. Other firms have simply
- found it good policy to clean up after themselves. Kaiser
- Steel Corp. has spent $30 million on air-pollution control
- and $15 million on water-pollution control since it was
- established in 1942. Bethlehem Steel has earmarked 11% of its
- total capital expenditures for environmental control over the
- next five years.
- </p>
- <p> As a way of encouraging industry to do more, President
- Nixon said last week, "To the extent possible, the price of
- goods should be made to include the costs of producing and
- disposing of them without damage to the environment." A plan
- to do just that has been offered by Senator William Proxmire
- of Wisconsin. He proposes a system of "effluent charges" under
- which industries would pay by the pound for the pollutants
- they discharge into the water. His plan could provide the
- Government with both funds and leverage to combat pollution.
- Not only would effluent charges bring in an estimated $1.5
- billion a year, but, if set sufficiently high, they could make
- it less expensive for companies to clean up than to continue
- polluting. More industries might then reuse their waste
- materials, thus becoming more efficient and working toward the
- key goal of "recycling."
- </p>
- <p> Whatever the method of financing, the costs of any
- successful war on pollution will ultimately be borne by the
- individual taxpayer and consumer. Taxpayers will pay more for
- all Government program, and consumers will eventually pay for
- all industry programs in the form of higher prices. But that
- burden is far from unbearable. The cost of building tertiary
- sewage treatment plants to cope with the phosphate-based
- detergents responsible for much of Lake Erie's pollution, for
- example, would come to $230 million--a $223 investment for
- each of the 10 million residents on the U.S. side of Lake Erie
- basin. The $700 million annual price tag for industrial and
- power-plant pollution would add a mere 20c to 30c to most
- consumers' monthly electric bills. However unpopular such
- extra tariffs might be, the price is modest if it will buy the
- fresh air and clean water that is fast becoming only a memory
- in the U.S.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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